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Abortion: Two Arguments


Two considerations suggest to the Christian that abortion is in fact morally permissible. First, church history seems to stand firmly against the view that all fetuses are persons. Two notable examples are Aquinas and Augustine. In his Enchiridion, Augustine notes: “But who is not rather disposed to think that unformed fetuses perish like seeds which have not fructified?” Aquinas stands with the majority on this issue as well, holding fetuses in the first trimester to be merely vegetative souls, and hence, not fully human (failing to possess the rational component essential to humanity). Thomas did condemn abortion as a cover for sexual sin, of course, but not as murder per se. With over 91% of current abortions taking place in the first trimester, Thomistic dogma suggests a broad permissibility. Furthermore, it was not until 1588 that the Roman Catholic Church first declared abortion murder. If church history is any evidence in such questions, then, the proponent’s absolutist position seems doubtful. Condemning all abortions simply doesn’t take into account relevant data.

Second, Some biblical data hints that abortion is morally permissible. Consider the following argument:
(1) God would never prescribe any impermissible moral act.
(2) God has prescribed abortion.
(C) Abortion is not an impermissible moral act.

In defense of (2), I offer the following analysis: God, in some instances, commands abortion. In Numbers 5 an unfaithful wife is brought before the priest and is made to drink prepared water. If she had not "defiled herself" she could still conceive children; however, if she had "defiled herself," then the water would, "become bitter, and her belly [would] swell, her thigh [would] rot," an ancient near-east euphemism for miscarriage.

Clearly, the miscarriage is artificially induced and thus is an abortion commanded by God to maintain the holiness of His people. What this entails, then, is that any categorical statement of moral impermissibility regarding abortion is false.